Debt
Collectors
Creditor
Harassment & Debt Collectors
Collections Agencies And Your Rights
Fair
Debt Collection Practices Act
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Collection
Agencies, Debt Collectors & Credit Disputes
The following article covers debt collectors and
your rights as a debtor.
If you use credit cards, owe money on a personal loan,
or are paying on a home mortgage, you are a
"debtor." If you fall behind in repaying your
creditors, or an error is made on your accounts, you may
be contacted by a "debt collector."
You should know that in either situation, the Fair
Debt Collection Practices Act requires that debt
collectors treat you fairly by prohibiting certain
methods of debt collection. Of course, the law does not
forgive any legitimate debt you owe.
Below are answers to commonly asked questions about
your rights under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act.
What debts are
covered?
Personal, family, and household debts are covered
under the Act. This includes money owed for the purchase
of an automobile, for medical care, or for charge
accounts.
Who is a debt
collector or collection agency?
A debt collector is any person or agency, other than
the creditor, who regularly collects debts owed to
others. Under a 1986 amendment to the Fair Debt
Collection Practices Act, this also includes attorneys
who collect debts on a regular basis.
How may a debt
collector contact you?
A collector or agency may contact you in person, by
mail, telephone, telegram, or FAX. However, a debt
collector may not contact you at unreasonable times or
places, such as before 8 a.m. or after 9 p.m., unless you
agree. A debt collector also may not contact you at work
if the collector knows that your employer disapproves.
Can you stop a debt
collector from contacting you?
You can stop a collector from contacting you by
writing a letter to the collection agency telling them to
stop. Once the agency receives your letter, they may not
contact you again except to say there will be no further
contact. The agency may notify you if the debt collector
or the creditor intends to take some specific action.
May a debt collector
contact anyone else about your debt?
If you have an attorney, the debt collector may not
contact anyone other than your attorney. If you do not
have an attorney, a collector may contact other people,
but only to find out where you live and work. Collectors
usually are prohibited from contacting such permissible
third parties more than once. In most cases, the
collector may not tell anyone other than you and your
attorney that you owe money.
What must the debt
collector tell you about the debt?
Within five days after you are first contacted, the
collector must send you a written notice telling you the
amount of money you owe; the name of the creditor to whom
you owe the money; and what action to take if you believe
you do not owe the money.
May a debt collector
continue to contact you if you believe you do not owe
money?
A collector may not contact you if, within 30 days
after you are first contacted, you send the collection
agency a letter stating you do not owe money. However, a
collector can renew collection activities if you are sent
proof of the debt, such as a copy of a bill for the
amount owed.
What types of debt
collection practices are prohibited?
Harassment. Debt collectors may not harass,
oppress, or abuse anyone. For example, debt collectors
may not:
- use threats of violence or harm against the
person, property, or reputation;
- publish a list of consumers who refuse to pay
their debts (except to a credit bureau);
- use obscene or profane language;
- repeatedly use the telephone to annoy someone;
- telephone people without identifying themselves;
- advertise your debt.
False statements. Debt collectors may not use
any false statements when collecting a debt. For example,
debt collectors may not:
- falsely imply that they are attorneys or
government representatives;
- falsely imply that you have committed a crime;
- falsely represent that they operate or work for a
credit bureau;
- misrepresent the amount of your debt;
- misrepresent the involvement of an attorney in
collecting a debt;
- indicate that papers being sent to you are legal
forms when they are not;
- indicate that papers being sent to you are not
legal forms when they are.
Debt collectors also may not state that:
- you will be arrested if you do not pay your debt;
- they will seize, garnish, attach, or sell your
property or wages, unless the collection agency
or creditor intends to do so, and it is legal to
do so;
- actions, such as a lawsuit, will be taken against
you, which legally may not be taken, or which
they do not intend to take.
Debt collectors may not:
- give false credit information about you to
anyone;
- send you anything that looks like an official
document from a court or government agency when
it is not;
- use a false name.
Unfair practices. Debt collectors may not
engage in unfair practices when they try to collect a
debt. For example, collectors may not:
- collect any amount greater than your debt, unless
allowed by law;
- deposit a post-dated check prematurely;
- make you accept collect calls or pay for
telegrams;
- take or threaten to take your property unless
this can be done legally;
- contact you by postcard.
What control do you
have over payment of debts?
If you owe more than one debt, any payment you make
must be applied to the debt you indicate. A debt
collector may not apply a payment to any debt you believe
you do not owe.
What can you do if you
believe a debt collector violated the law?
You have the right to sue a collector in a state or
federal court within one year from the date you believe
the law was violated. If you win, you may recover money
for the damages you suffered. Court costs and attorneys
fees also can be recovered. A group of people also may
sue a debt collector and recover money for damages up to
$500,000, or one percent of the collectors net worth,
whichever is less.
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